![]() ![]() Plant Physiol 122:107–116īoudet AM, Kajita S, Grima-Pettenati J, Goffner D (2003) Lignins and lignocellulosics: a better control of synthesis for new and improved uses. Am J␣Bot 87:1547–1560īlount JW, Korth KL, Masoud SA, Rasmussen S, Lamb C, Dixon RA (2000) Altering expression of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase in transgenic plants provides evidence for a feedback loop at the entry point into the phenylpropanoid pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:6725–6730īlancaflor EB, Gilroy S (2000) Plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new insights. J Struct Biol 123:37–44īayburt TH, Sligar SG (2002) Single-molecule height measurements on microsomal cytochrome P450 in nanometer-scale phospholipid bilayer disks. Plant J␣20:663–671īayburt TH, Carlson JW, Sligar SG (1998) Reconstitution and imaging of a membrane protein in a nanometer-size phospholipid bilayer. J Biol Chem 270:29,936–29,944īak S, Olsen CE, Petersen BL, Moller BL, Halkier BA (1999) Metabolic engineering of p-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate in Arabidopsis by expression of the cyanogenic CYP79A1 from Sorghum bicolor. Plant Cell Physiol 44:103–112Īnderson KS, Kim AY, Quillen JM, Sayers E, Yang XJ, Miles EW (1995) Kinetic characterization of channel impaired mutants of tryptophan synthase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64:2276–2279Īkashi T, Sawada Y, Shimada N, Sakurai N, Aoki T, Ayabe S (2003) cDNA cloning and biochemical characterization of S-adenosyl- l-methionine: 2,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavanone 4′- O-methyltransferase, a critical enzyme of the legume isoflavonoid phytoalexin pathway. Plant Cell 16:3098–3109Īkashi T, Sawada Y, Aoki T, Ayabe S (2000) New scheme of the biosynthesis of formononetin involving 2,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavanone but not daidzein as the methyl acceptor. We also discuss the limitations and future directions of metabolon research and the potential for application to metabolic engineering endeavors.Īchnine L, Blancaflor EB, Rasmussen S, Dixon RA (2004) Colocalization of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase for metabolic channeling in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. ![]() We␣outline direct and indirect experimental data that describes P450 enzymes in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, cyanogenic glucoside, and other biosynthetic pathways. This review focuses on the current evidence supporting the organization of metabolons around P450s on the surface of the ER. The sub-cellular organization of enzymes involved in the synthesis and storage of plant natural products appears to involve the anchoring of metabolons by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) to specific domains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. A metabolon is an ordered protein complex of sequential metabolic enzymes and associated cellular structural elements. Compartmentation at the molecular level is mediated by metabolons. Through this mechanism, cells can drastically increase metabolic efficiency and manage complex cellular processes more efficiently, saving space and energy. Arranging biological processes into “compartments” is a key feature of all eukaryotic cells.
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